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Finding Aid Compiled by
Cindy Sauer and Brian Keough
Revised March 4, 1999
Subgroup I and Subgroup II Series 1-2 Processed by
Ted Hoppenstedt
April 2004
Subgroup II Series 3 Processed by
Tim Bridgman
June 2005
Subgroup VI Series 1-4 Processed by
Tim Bridgman
April 2006
M. E. Grenander Department of Special Collections & Archives
University Libraries / University at Albany / State University of New York
1400 Washington Avenue / Albany, New York 12222 / (518) 437-3935
VOLUME: 49.83 cubic ft. processed, approximately 214 cubic feet total including films
ACQUISITION: All items in this manuscript group were donated to the University Libraries, M.E. Grenander Department of Special Collections and Archives, by Vincent J. Schaefer and the estate of Vincent J. Schaefer. Subgroup I, Series 1 was transferred to the Department in December 18, 1995, by James Schaefer for photocopying.
ACCESS: Access to this record group is unrestricted.
COPYRIGHT: The researcher assumes full responsibility for conforming with the laws of copyright. Whenever possible, the M.E. Grenander Department of Special Collections and Archives will provide information about copyright owners and other restrictions, but the legal determination ultimately rests with the researcher. Requests for permission to publish material from this collection should be discussed with the Head of Special Collections and Archives.
Box and Folder List:
Vincent J. Schaefer was born July 4, 1906, the oldest son of Peter Aloysius and Rose Agnes (Holtslag) Schaefer. Schaefer had two brothers, Paul and Carl, and two sisters, Gertrude and Margaret. The Schaefers lived in Schenectady, New York, and due to Mrs. Schaefer's health the family made summer trips to the Adirondack Mountains. Schaefer had a life-long association with the Adirondacks, as well as interests in hiking, natural history, and archeology. In his youth he was the founder of a local tribe of the Lone Scouts and with some of his tribe mates wrote and printed a tribe paper called "Archeological Research." Schaefer credited this publication with his introduction to many prominent individuals in the Schenectady area, including Dr. Willis R. Whitney of the General Electric Research Laboratory.
In 1922 Schaefer's parents asked him to leave high school and go to work to supplement the family income. On the advice of his maternal uncles, Schaefer joined a four-year apprentice machinist course at General Electric. During the second year of his apprenticeship, Schaefer was granted a one-month leave to accompany Dr. Arthur circa Parker, New York State Archeologist, on an expedition to central New York. As Schaefer was concluding the apprentice course in 1926 he was assigned to work at the machine shop at the General Electric Research Laboratory, where he worked for a year as a journeyman toolmaker.
Somewhat discouraged by the work of a toolmaker, Schaefer sought to satisfy a desire to work outdoors and to travel by joining, initially through a correspondence course, the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery in Kent, Ohio, in 1927. After a brief period working in Michigan, Schaefer asked to be transferred back to the Schenectady area and for a while worked as an independent landscape gardener. Upon the advice of Robert Palmer, Superintendent of the GE Research Laboratory, in 1929 Schaefer declined an opportunity to enter into a partnership for a plant nursery and instead rejoined the machine shop at the Research Laboratory, this time as a model maker.
During the late 1920s and early 1930s Schaefer built up his personal library on natural history, science, and his other areas of interest and read a great deal. He also organized groups with those who shared his many interests--the Mohawk Valley Hiking Club in 1929, the Van Epps-Hartley Chapter of the New York Archeological Association in 1931, and the Schenectady Wintersport Club (which established snow trains to ski slopes in the Adirondacks) in 1932. In 1933 Schaefer began work on creating the Long Path of New York (a hiking trail beginning near New York City and ending at Whiteface Mountain in the Adirondacks). During this period Schaefer also created adult education programs on natural history topics which gave him opportunities to speak in the community. Through these many activities Schaefer continued to expand his acquaintances, including John Apperson, an engineer at General Electric and a devout conservationist of the Adirondacks. Apperson introduced Schaefer to Irving Langmuir, a scientist at the GE Research Laboratory who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1932 for his work in surface chemistry. Among other things, Langmuir shared Schaefer's love of skiing and the outdoors.
At the Research Laboratory machine shop, Schaefer built equipment for Langmuir and his research associate, Katharine Blodgett. In 1932 Langmuir asked Schaefer to become his research assistant. Schaefer accepted and in 1933 began his research work with Langmuir, Blodgett, Whitney, and others at the Research Lab and throughout the GE organization. With Langmuir, Blodgett and others as well as by himself, Schaefer published many reports on the areas he studied, which included surface chemistry techniques, electron microscope techniques, polarization, the affinity of ice for various surfaces, protein and other monolayers, studies of protein films, television tube brightness, and submicroscopic particulates. After his promotion to research associate in 1938, Schaefer continued to work closely with Langmuir on the many projects Langmuir obtained through his involvement on national advisory committees, particularly related to military matters in the years immediately before and during the Second World War. This work included research on gas mask filtration of smokes, submarine detection with binaural sound, and the formation of artificial fogs using smoke generators--a project which reached fruition at Vrooman's Nose in the Schoharie Valley with a demonstration for military observers.
During his years as Langmuir's assistant, Langmuir allowed and encouraged Schaefer to carry on his own research projects. As an example of this, in 1940 Schaefer became known in his own right for the development of a method to make replicas of individual snowflakes using a thin plastic coating. This discovery brought him national publicity in popular magazines and an abundance of correspondence from individuals, including many students, seeking to replicate his procedure.
In 1943 the focus of Schaefer's and Langmuir's research shifted to precipitation static, aircraft icing, ice nuclei, and cloud physics, and many of their experiments were carried out at Mount Washington Observatory in New Hampshire. In the summer of 1946 Schaefer developed a laboratory method to seed supercooled clouds with dry ice, and in November 1946 he conducted a successful field test seeding a natural cloud by airplane. The resulting publicity again brought an abundance of correspondence, this time from people and businesses making requests for snow as well as scientists around the world also working on weather modification. Schaefer's discovery also led to debates over the appropriateness of tampering with nature through cloud seeding. In addition, the successful field test enabled Langmuir to obtain federal funding to support additional research in cloud seeding and weather modification by the GE Research Laboratory. Schaefer was coordinator of the laboratory portion of Project Cirrus while the Air Force and Navy supplied the aircraft and pilots to carry out field tests and to collect the data used at the Research Laboratory. Field tests were conducted in the Schenectady area as well as in Puerto Rico and New Mexico.
When the military pilots working on Project Cirrus were assigned to duties in connection with the Korean War, GE recommended that Project Cirrus be discontinued after comprehensive reports were prepared of the project and the discoveries made. The final Project Cirrus report was issued in March 1953. While Project Cirrus was winding down, Schaefer was approached by Vernon Crudge on behalf of the trustees of the Munitalp Foundation to work on Munitalp's meteorological research program. For a time, Schaefer worked for both the Research Laboratory and Munitalp, and in 1954 he left the Research Laboratory to become the Director of Research of Munitalp. At Munitalp, Schaefer worked with the U.S. Forest Service in the northern Rocky Mountains on Project Skyfire, a program to determine the uses of cloud seeding to affect the patterns of lightening in thunderstorms (and the resulting forest fires started by lightening). Project Skyfire had its roots in an association between the Forest Service and Schaefer begun in the early days of Project Cirrus. While at Munitalp Schaefer also worked on developing a mobile atmospheric research laboratory and time-lapse films of clouds. Schaefer left Munitalp in 1958, turning down an offer to move with the Foundation to Kenya, but he remained an advisor to Munitalp for several years after that.
After leaving Munitalp, Schaefer's career turned towards scientific education, and let him put his belief in the power of experimentation and observation over book-learning into practice. He worked with the American Meteorological Society and Natural Science Foundation on an educational film program and to develop the Natural Sciences Institute summer programs which gave high school students the opportunity to work with scientists and on their own to do field research and experimentation. From 1959 to 1961 Schaefer was director of the Atmospheric Science Center at the Loomis School in Connecticut. From 1962 to 1968 the NSI program was continued with Schaefer's directorship under the auspices of the Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC) at the State University of New York at Albany. During this period Schaefer also continued his consulting work for many companies, government agencies, and universities. These consulting activities spanned most of Schaefer's career, and extended beyond his retirement from ASRC in 1976.
Schaefer helped found ASRC in 1960 and served as its Director of Research until 1966 when he became Director. Schaefer brought highly qualified atmospheric science researchers to ASRC, many of whom he had met through his work at GE and Munitalp. Bernard Vonnegut, Raymond Falconer and Duncan Blanchard were all veterans of Project Cirrus who joined Schaefer at ASRC. During his years at ASRC, in addition to the NSI summer programs, Schaefer led annual research expeditions to Yellowstone National Park for atmospheric scientists to work in the outdoor laboratory it provided each January. In the 1970s Schaefer's own research interests focused on solar energy, aerosols, gases, air quality, and pollution particles in the atmosphere. His work in some of these areas culminated in a three-part report on AAir Quality on the Global Scale in 1978. In addition, during the 1970s Schaefer was an instructor in the American Association for the Advancement of Science Chautauqua short courses for science teachers.
During his retirement, Schaefer worked with photographer John Day on A Field Guide to the Atmosphere (1981), a publication in the Peterson Field Guide series. In addition to continuing his consulting work, Schaefer was in a position to devote much more of his time to some of his life-long interests such as environmental issues, natural and local history. This included the writing of numerous articles and the delivering of many presentations concerning the natural environment of upstate New York and the human impact on it. He also devoted much of his time to the fight for the preservation of many wilderness areas and parks, such as the Mohonk Preserve, Vroman's Nose, and the Great Flats Aquifer. Schaefer's long-term interest in Dutch barns made it possible for him to assume the editorship of Dutch Barn Miscellany for a time and to build a scale model of a Dutch barn. He also did a lot of research on the original settler families of the Schenectady and Mohawk Valley areas. During his retirement, Schaefer reflected on his extraordinary life preparing timelines, an unpublished autobiography, and indices to some of his research notebooks and film collections. Schaefer also attended to the disposition of his papers and library. He also worked on a project he entitled "Ancient Windows of the Earth." This involved the slicing of rocks thinly so as to create a translucent effect. When he mounted such pieces on lampshades or other objects, it created a stained-glass window effect from natural rock highlighting the rock's geologic history. As part of this project, Schaefer designed and built a window in memory of his parents for the Saint James Church in North Creek in the Adirondacks.
Schaefer married Lois Perret on July 27, 1935. Until their deaths they lived on Schermerhorn Road in Schenectady, in a house Schaefer built with his brothers, which they called Woestyne South. Woestyne North was the name the Schaefers gave to their camp in the Adirondacks. The Schaefers had three children, Susan, Katherine, and James. Vincent Schaefer died July 25, 1993 at the age of 87.
The following is a summary of some of the many awards and honors that Schaefer received during his lifetime:
1940 Schenectady Junior Chamber of Commerce Award, Young Man of the Year
1943 Fellow, Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences
1948 Sc.D. (Hon.) University of Notre Dame
1948 American Geophysical Union, First Paper of Outstanding Excellence
1948 Man of the Year Award, Notre Dame Club of Schenectady
1948 Member (Hon.) Union Chapter, Sigma Xi
1953 Institute of Aeronautical Sciences, Robert M. Losey Award
1956 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
1957 The American Meteorological Society, Advancement of Applied Meteorology Award
1959 Fellowship, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
1960 Member (Hon.) Sigma Pi Sigma, Albany Chapter
1960 Fellowship, CSIRO, Australia
1960-61 Distinguished Science Lectureship, State University of New York, College of Education at Albany
1967 Fellow, American Meteorological Society
1975 Doctor of Humane Letters (Hon.) Siena College
1976 Ideal Citizen of the Age of Enlightenment Award--All Possibilities; Research and Development Award, American Foundation for the Science of Creative Intelligence
1976 Weather Modification Association Vincent J. Schaefer Award Afor scientific and technical discoveries that have constituted a major contribution to the advancement of weather modification
1980 Citizen Laureate, University at Albany Foundation
1983 Sc.D. (Hon.) York University
Note: The following discussion of the scope and contents of the Schaefer Papers is based on a preliminary inventory of the collection and the processing that was completed as of May 1, 2006. This information is subject to change as processing of the collection continues.
The Vincent J. Schaefer Papers span virtually all of Schaefer's life--from the Archeological Research newspaper he printed with his fellow Lone Scouts in his youth to his journals and correspondence which end with his death in 1993. Acquired in several accessions both before and after Schaefer's death, the Papers include not only written materials, but Schaefer's extensive photograph and film collections.
The Outline of Subgroups, Series, and Subseries, which follows this scope and content note provides an overview of the topics covered by Schaefer's papers. The collection has been divided into six main categories: Biographical and Autobiographical Information, Professional Career, Scientific Educating Activities, Publications, Photographs, and Schaefer and Environmentalism. The division of materials into the various subgroups, series, and subseries has been somewhat imposed on the collection during processing due to the varying degrees of initial organization some of the materials came with. Schaefer's pattern of working on multiple projects at the same time also meant that the distinction between what materials belonged to various portions of his professional career and what belonged to his hobbies and personal activities was not always clear. The line between Schaefer's personal acquaintances and those he meet and maintained professional relationships with is equally blurred in his correspondence. Nevertheless, every attempt has been made during processing to organize materials by the subject matter to which they most directly relate in order to facilitate access to the Papers. Appropriate cross-references to related materials will be included in the series descriptions in cases where it is deemed best to retain the materials in their original order even when such order is not by subject matter.
The Biographical and Autobiographical Information section of the Papers contains Schaefer's personal journals (1948-1993); his calendars for 1960-1993, as well as detailed itineraries for 1962-1968; drafts of Schaefer's unpublished autobiographies; several autobiographical articles and addresses; newspaper and journal articles written about Schaefer; and correspondence and inventory lists reflecting Schaefer's involvement in the disposition of his papers, library, and photograph and film collections. Also includes correspondence, resumes, time lines, articles, outlines, and miscellaneous materials, some of which Schaefer prepared in anticipation of writing his autobiography, providing background information on Schaefer's life and career.
With the exception of his work as a machinist apprentice at the General Electric Company and his work with the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery in the 1920s, for which there are relatively few correspondence and other documentation in the Papers, the rest of Schaefer's professional career is well documented. Correspondence, research notes, and reports make up the bulk of the materials documenting Schaefer's work at the General Electric Research Laboratory both on projects with Irving Langmuir and on his own. Each member of the Research Laboratory was required to keep a notebook documenting his or her work and discoveries, and have the entries witnessed by another member of the Research Laboratory. During his years at General Electric, Schaefer used several notebooks and in his retirement he prepared a detailed index and time line of the topics covered in his Research Laboratory notebooks. In addition to his Research Laboratory notebooks, Schaefer also kept his loose research notes and data regarding experiments he carried out at both the Research Laboratory and at the laboratory he had in his home.
In addition to the research notes and reports reflecting Schaefer's research in the 1930s in topics such as surface chemistry techniques, electron microscope techniques, polarization, the affinity of ice for various surfaces, protein and other monolayers, studies of protein films, television tube brightness, and submicroscopic particulates, the General Electric Research Laboratory subgroup includes many photographs of snowflakes and magazine and news articles regarding Schaefer development in the early 1940s of a method to preserve individual snowflakes. Correspondence, research notes, and collected data also document Schaefer work with Langmuir in the early 1940s on the development of smoke generators, binaural sound for submarine detection, aircraft icing, and precipitation static. The documentation for Project Cirrus, which grew out of Schaefer's discovery in 1946 of a method to seed clouds.
The environmentalism subgroup consists of materials relating to Vincent J. Schaefer's activities as an environmental advocate during the latter stages of his career and after his retirement. During Schaefer's tenure at General Electric and Munitalp, he had forged a brilliant career for himself as a research scientist. While at General Electric and Munitalp, Schaefer had in many projects funded by various branches of the military, including atomic tests and chemical and biological warfare programs. While at ASRC-SUNYA, his orientation evolved and he became more concerned with environmental issues. Schaefer continued this trend during his retirement. He fought hard to preserve vast tracts of wilderness, such as the Mohonk Preserve in the Shawangunk Mountains and areas along the Long Path of New York, such as Vroman's Nose. Schaefer and his colleagues also fought hard against the building of the Rotterdam Square Mall and for protection of the Great Flats Aquifer, a unique source of pure water which his own town of Schenectady had been using since its settlement by Europeans in the seventeenth century. This subgroup documents efforts to preserve such areas, as well as the fight against their development, and other activities to do with the outdoors, such as skiing, hiking, exploring, speleology, scouting, and bird and wildlife watching in which Schaefer and his associates engaged until Schaefer's death in 1993. Preservation concerns in this subgroup include water damage, folding and brittleness of some of the records.
Series 1: Personal Logs, 1948-1977, 1979-1993, 1.32 cubic ft., Arranged chronologically
Photocopies of Schaefer's log books. The 1947 log is a regular notebook containing a variety of items: engagements, expenses, scientific notes, accounts of a cloud seeding flight (2/7) and a trip to the western US, a note on the origin of the word 'serendipity,' and various random scribblings. In 1948 Schaefer begins to use General Electric log books, and his entries start to follow a regular pattern, often beginning with a brief description of the weather and then recounting that day's activities with general references to work. There are several gaps in the logs and the entire year of 1978 is missing. A number of books have 'memorandum' sections in the back in which Schaefer wrote down scientific notes.
Series 2: Schedules and Itineraries, 1944-1993, .83 cubic ft., Arranged chronologically by type
Contains GE pocket diary schedule books (1944-1960, with the exception of 1945, 1950, and 1958), and Monthly Minder calendars for 1960-1993 (with the exception of 1981). Also includes folders maintained by Schaefer's secretary to keep track of his itinerary for 1962-1968, containing mainly lists of his monthly schedule and copies of correspondence setting up speaking engagements and other trips for ASRC and for consulting projects. Finally, this series includes lists prepared by Schaefer for specific trips or to account for all his trips over a period of time, as well as miscellaneous calendars. Most of the diaries and calendars have been extensively marked by Schaefer and some of the entries use code letters that Schaefer employed to designate specific projects he worked on. The calendars provide information on when Schaefer was traveling or at home, if he had visitors, and meetings and appointments. Some of the pocket diaries and monthly minders also contain phone numbers of key contact persons and other lists of information.
Series 3: Unpublished Autobiographical Writings, 1.33 cubic ft., Arranged by subject
Description: "The Adirondack Connection" Multiple copies of an autobiography Schaefer wrote recounting his experiences in the Adirondack Mountains between the years 1912 and 1988. The work is divided into fifty vignettes (listed in a table of contents) of one to five pages each, but they are not in chronological order. One, "Mountain Tales from Moonshine Hill" (#43) is fourteen pages long; it is the only vignette that is dated and has named subdivisions, suggesting that it may have been started as a distinct work. Each copy is labeled as ""Twenty Years at Langmuir University" The Adirondack Connection;" why Schaefer did this is unclear as this work does not have any direct connection to "Twenty Years at Langmuir University." There are three typed copies; one is complete, but the others are missing vignettes. Incomplete copy #1 lacks vignettes 3, 7, and 12, and contains an extra copy of vignette 37 ("My Whiteface Mountain Connection"). Incomplete copy #2 is missing vignettes 25-45 and 47-50, and contains a vignette not found in the others, ""Ride Up-Slide Down" Gluesing" (14a). The handwritten copy contains all fifty vignettes plus three pieces not found in the typed copies: "The Doug Morehouse/Schaefer Property," "The Deiseroth/Mearns Property," and one that is untitled, but which concerns land acquired by the Schaefer family.
Series 4: Background Materials, .84 cubic ft., Arranged alphabetically
Contains various versions of Schaefer's resumes; time lines Schaefer prepared of his life; articles and letters written by others about Schaefer; patent listings; publications lists; outlines for exhibits on Schaefer; and other correspondence; all of which provide background information on Schaefer's life and career. Although Schaefer gathered together materials about his various projects and interests for his use in preparing his autobiographies, it was decided during processing to return those materials to their appropriate subject categories for more efficient access and in only one instance were the materials Schaefer specifically collected on himself kept together. Therefore, this series was artificially created during processing to include materials that relate to Schaefer's life, but which do not clearly or directly relate to any specific project or interest of his. Schaefer's resumes and biographical sketches, as well as the time lines which he prepared of his life, are extremely useful for understanding his many activities and interests. [incomplete processing note: this series does not include copies of the newspaper clippings that Schaefer collected about himself which still need to be photocopied and included in this series.]
Series 5: Honors and Awards, 1.0 cubic ft., Arranged chronologically
Contains correspondence (including congratulatory letters); announcements/programs; newspaper articles regarding honors given to Schaefer; and plaques, citations, and certificates received by Schaefer. Membership certificates for some organizations that Schaefer was involved in are also included here, although it is unclear whether such memberships were bestowed on him as honors or were simply from organizations he chose to join for professional or personal reasons.
Series 6: Schaefer Collection Disposition, .34 cubic ft., Arranged alphabetically
Contains correspondence regarding the disposition of Schaefer's papers, library, and photograph and film collections; lists of the book collection; and inventories prepared by Schaefer of the cloud-seeding and other films in his possession. Although there are some discrepancies between his inventories and the actual film collection, his notes provide useful background information on the subjects of the films as well as what Schaefer himself felt was most important about them, just as his correspondence about his collection provide information into his view of his library and papers, their highlights, and their historical value.
Series 1: Davey Institute of Tree Surgery, 1927-1933, .17 cu. ft, Arranged alphabetically
Correspondence from the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery in Kent, Ohio, regarding their course of study and Schaefer's participation in same; Schaefer's handwritten answers in examination booklets for a series of lessons on trees and tree surgery topics; Schaefer's employment agreement with the Davey Institute; and a notebook Schaefer kept regarding some tree work he did as AMohawk Valley Tree Experts in 1933. The notebook also includes some notes of Schaefer's related to membership in the Van Epps-Hartley Chapter of the New York Archeological Association.
Series 2: General Electric Research Laboratory, 1933-1954, 24 cubic ft.
The subject headings below designate particularly noteworthy elements of the General Electric papers. They were constructed to bring like materials together and improve accessibility.
Articles by Schaefer: All published scientific journal or popular magazine articles and their manuscripts by Vincent Schaefer, arranged alphabetically. Research notes are located under their appropriate subject headings.
Atmospheric Electricity-Collector Tapes: Data on electricity in the atmosphere.
Binaural Effect: Materials relating to the study of sound transmitted through two channels.
Blanchard, Duncan C.: Duncan Blanchard (b.1924) served in the Navy during World War II, then joined General Electric as a researcher on Project Cirrus, during which he used vertical wind tunnels to study the shapes of water and oil drops. He later earned his PhD in Atmospheric Science from MIT and worked at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1951?-1968) and at the Atmospheric Science Research Center (1968-1989). He is the author of From Raindrops to Volcanoes: Adventures with Sea Surface Meteorology (1967) and The Snowflake Man: A Biography of Wilson A. Bentley (1998).
Blodgett, Katharine B.: Katharine Blodgett (1898-1979) earned a PhD in Physics from Cambridge University (1926) and was the first woman scientist hired by GE (1917). She did research on monomolecular films and invented non-reflective glass.
Cartoons and Comics: Magazine and newspaper cartoons and comic strips about cloud seeding and weather control. Comic books published by General Electric are located under 'General Electric Publications.'
Cloud Seeding-Pre Project Cirrus (to 1947): Laboratory research and field experiments conducted by Schaefer and Langmuir on artificial precipitation induced by pouring dry ice into a cloud, prior to February 28, 1947. Cloud seeding research done by Schaefer and Langmuir in the period February 28, 1947 to September 30, 1952 is located under 'Project Cirrus', and that done after 9/30/52 is located under 'Cloud Seeding-Post Project Cirrus (1952-1954). Cloud seeding efforts carried out by persons or organizations not affiliated with General Electric are located under 'Cloud Seeding by Others.'
Cloud Seeding-Post Project Cirrus (1952-1954): Laboratory research and field experiments conducted by Schaefer and Langmuir on artificial precipitation induced by pouring dry ice or silver iodide into a cloud after September 30, 1952. Cloud seeding research done by Schaefer and Langmuir up to February 28, 1947 is located under 'Cloud Seeding-Pre Project Cirrus (to 1947)', and research conducted in the period February 28, 1947 to September 30, 1952 is located under 'Project Cirrus.' Cloud seeding efforts carried out by persons or organizations not affiliated with General Electric are located under 'Cloud Seeding by Others.'
Cloud Seeding by Others: Materials relating to cloud seeding efforts carried out by persons or organizations not affiliated with General Electric.
Clouds: Materials relating to the study of cloud physics.
Cold Chamber: Materials relating to the home freezer converted into a laboratory instrument for precipitation studies by Schaefer.
Electron Microscopy: Materials relating to the history of the electron microscope, and its use by Schaefer for the study of natural materials in detail.
Falconer, Raymond: Raymond Falconer (1913-2001) was a meteorologist who worked at Mount Washington Observatory (1942-1946) before joining GE as a member of its Weather Bureau and of Project Cirrus. Falconer followed Schaefer to the Munitalp Foundation in 1957. He pioneered long-range weather forecasting.
General Electric Publications: Periodicals, singleton books, comic books, brochures and fliers published by General Electric. Materials relating directly to the Research Laboratory are located under 'Research Laboratory.'
Icing Research: Materials relating to the study of ice formation on airplanes during World War II.
Jet Stream: Materials relating to the study of high altitude winds.
Langmuir, Irving: Irving Langmuir (1881-1957) earned his PhD in Chemistry from Gottingen University in Germany in 1906. He joined the GE Research Laboratory in 1909, and ultimately became the Associate Director. Langmuir's research interests encompassed chemistry, physics, and, later, atmospheric science; he invented the incandescent electric lamp and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1932. Vincent Schaefer came to Langmuir's attention in the early 1930s when Schaefer was working in GE's machine shop, and Langmuir took him on as a research assistant. Schaefer received an education in chemistry, physics and mathematics that made him into a fully-fledged research scientist, and Schaefer later described the experience as "twenty years at Langmuir University." Schaefer and Langmuir collaborated on several research projects, including smoke generation to shield troop movements during World War II, the problem of icing on military aircraft, cloud physics and the possibility of cloud seeding, and, subsequently to that, Project Cirrus, of which Langmuir served as director. Langmuir and Schaefer complemented one another as researchers; Langmuir provided the theoretical framework for a research project, while Schaefer would deal with the empirical aspects, figuring out the experiments needed to complete it.
Miscellaneous: Items that could not be identified as to content, usually hand-written by Schaefer. Miscellaneous items are kept together according to the folder they came from.
Monomolecular Films: These are chemical films usually about one molecule thick used in a variety of scientific and industrial applications. The heading encompasses items with "monofilms," "monolayers," "multilayers," and "multimolecular films" in their titles.
Mount Washington Observatory: A private non-profit facility established on Mt. Washington in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in 1932. Its purpose is the observation and study of extreme weather conditions. Schaefer used the Observatory in the 1940s and 50s to study cloud physics at very low temperatures, and he maintained a lifelong association with it. Raymond Falconer was an employee of the Mount Washington Observatory before joining General Electric in 1946. Materials published by or directly relating to the Observatory are included under this heading, while research conducted at the Observatory by General Electric or other bodies is located under the relevant subject heading.
Multicell: Materials relating to the study of a type of battery.
Patents: Materials relating to patents secured by Schaefer or Langmuir for General Electric.
Project Cirrus: Materials relating to the joint research project between General Electric and the federal government (the Signal Corps) to study cloud seeding from February 28, 1947 to September 30, 1952. Cloud seeding research by Schaefer and Langmuir done before that period is located under 'Cloud Seeding-Pre Project Cirrus (to 1947), and that after is under 'Cloud Seeding-Post Project Cirrus (1952-1954).
Research Laboratory: Materials relating directly to the General Electric laboratory in Schenectady, NY. Materials about the research done at the laboratory are located under the relevant subject headings.
Smoke Generation: Materials relating to the research done by Schaefer and Langmuir during World War II on the artificial production of smoke for military purposes.
Snow Research: Research by Schaefer on the nature of snow and ice. Includes Schaefer's creation of snowflake "fossils" using Formvar.
Surface Replicas: The production by Schaefer of casts of the surface of various natural objects and substances other than snow using Formvar. Snowflake surface replicas are located under 'Snow Research.'
Talks: Speeches and lectures given by Schaefer.
Virus Detection: A method of detecting the presence of viruses, toxins, poisons and other harmful substances using thin films of stearic acid/barium stearate developed by Irving Langmuir with Katharine Blodgett and Schaefer.
Vonnegut, Bernard: Bernard Vonnegut (1914-1997) earned a PhD in Physical Chemistry from MIT in 1939, where he did research on aircraft icing and supercooled clouds from 1941-1945. He then joined GE where he discovered that silver iodide may act as a condensation nucleus for cloud seeding purposes on November 14, 1946, the day after Schaefer first successful test of cloud seeding using dry ice. Vonnegut later worked at Arthur D. Little from 1952 to 1967, where he studied atmospheric electricity, and then at SUNY-Albany's Atmospheric Sciences Research Center from 1967 to 1997.
Weather Control: Materials (including legislation) relating to the general concept of human modification of the weather. Materials relating to cloud seeding are located under 'Cloud Seeding-Pre Project Cirrus (to 1947)', 'Project Cirrus', 'Cloud Seeding-Post Project Cirrus (1952-1954)', and 'Cloud Seeding by Others.'
Whitney, Willis R.: Willis R. Whitney (1868-1958) earned a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1896. He was the founder (1900) and first director of the GE Research Laboratory in Schenectady, NY.
Writings by Non-GE Employees: Journal articles by persons other than Schaefer, Blanchard, Blodgett, Falconer, Langmuir, Vonnegut or Whitney.
Series 3: Munitalp, 1953-1965, 12 cubic ft., Arranged by type of activity.
This series consists of material relating to Vincent J. Schaefer's activities as Director of Research at the Munitalp Foundation, Inc. The latter was a private non-profit endowed organization whose mission was to foster cooperative research in Meteorology/Atmospheric Science. During its first few years of existence in the early 1950s, its members reviewed the situation of meteorological research in detail, especially Mr. Kenneth Spangler, the then Executive Secretary of the American Meteorological Society. It was concluded from this review that governments of the world through both their Armed Forces and civilian groups had poured enormous levels of funding into Atmospheric Research, but although these financial allocations had served as an important stimulus in the field, they seemed unlikely to the members of the Munitalp Foundation to provide all of the much sought after answers to the then current research problems. The members of the Foundation felt that they could provide new impetus, concentrations of enthusiasm and effort in the field of Meteorology, but they also fostered cooperative research work with individuals involved in the better known sciences. Vincent Schaefer, while still a research assistant associated with Dr. Irving Langmuir at the General Electric Company in Schenectady, New York, first became associated with the Munitalp Foundation in November of 1951 and then joined it as a full-time Director of Research in November of 1954. The material contained in this series reflects the many and varied activities of the Munitalp Foundation while Vincent Schaefer was its Director of Research. These include accounts and expenses relating to trips, projects, conferences and societies of which he was a member. Many articles by Schaefer and his associates figure in this series, as well as copious correspondence dealing with such activities of the Foundation as jet plane traffic, missiles, pollution, jet stream research, power plant operation, cloud seeding, weather patterns, rainfall studies, atmospheric electricity, solar radiation, the properties of clouds and atmospheric nuclei, weather modification projects and dealings with the United Nations. This series also includes materials pertaining to Project Skyfire and a review of the literature and research of Schaefer's times relating to fire study and prevention, as well as documents to do with smog research and research into tornadoes and severe weather patterns. Many maps and weather measurement charts are included in the last box (68). Perhaps one of the most intriguing documents in this series is to be found in the materials concerning jet stream research (Box 58 Folder 8) and is entitled "How did they beat us?", an unpublished letter referring to how the Soviets managed to launch Sputnik before the Americans could get a craft of their own into action.
Series 4: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, 1960s-1980s, [13] cubic ft.
Series 5: Consulting, 1940s-1990s, [7] cubic ft.
Series 6: Other Professional and Research Activities, dates, [ ] cubic ft.
Series 1: National Science Institute Summer Programs
During 1959 to 1961, Schaefer was director of a summer science program sponsored by the Atmospheric Science Center at The Loomis School in Connecticut and the American Meteorological Society under a grant from the National Science Foundation.
Series 2: Institute on Man and Science
Series 3: Other Educating Activities
Series 1: Schaefer Publications
Series 2: A Field Guide to the Atmosphere
Series 3: From Schaefer's Library
Series 1: 3-D photographs
Series 2: Project Specific Photographs
Series 1: Mohonk Preserve, 1901-1993, 1 cubic ft. Arranged alphabetically.
This series contains correspondence; reports; minutes of board, executive, and trustee meetings; as well as materials related to Schaefer's participation on the board of trustees and as a research advisor and consultant to the Mohonk project. Other records in this series include by-laws, budgets, certificate of incorporation, chronology of the founding of the Mohonk Preserve, directors lists, quarterly reports of executive directors, field trip reports, historical and cultural notes, land stewardship committee meeting minutes, memoranda, reports, planning committee minutes, and publications of the Mohonk Preserve and Mohonk Trust. The series also documents Schaefer's friendship with Dan Smiley, the establishment of the Smiley Trust, projects concerning land-use, and Schaefer's work on air quality in the area.
Series 2: Outdoor Activities, 1892-1992, 3 cubic ft. Arranged alphabetically.
This series contains news clippings; maps; correspondence relating to scouting groups and clubs, including the Lone Scouts programs; maps of hiking trails; newsletters of the Mohawk Valley Hiking Club, which Schaefer helped to organize in 1929; correspondence with hiking club members and others regarding hiking interests; histories; articles and maps for the Long Path of New York, which Schaefer began organizing in 1933; publications relating to outdoor activities in general; state produced informational brochures on skiing and resorts; material relating to the Schenectady Wintersports Club, which was founded by Schaefer in 1932; and snow trains to ski slopes.
Series 3: Local Activism, 1661-1991, 3.33 cubic ft. Arranged alphabetically.
This series contains reports prepared by Schaefer, correspondence, news clippings, reports and transcripts of town council meetings, testimonies of Schaefer and others concerning the impact of the building of the Rotterdam Square Mall on the Great Flats Aquifer, Scahefer's letters to public officials, and miscellaneous materials on other local conservation projects in which Schaefer was involved.
Series 4: Academic Publications, 1932-1989, 0.67 cubic ft. Arranged alphabetically.
This series contains academic publications by Vincent J. Schaefer and other authors pertaining to the environment and the study of the environment in New York.
Series 5: Local History, approx. 1.00 cubic ft. unprocessed
Contains newspaper clippings, some of Schaefer's writings, correspondence, maps, and miscellaneous materials relating to local history, including Vrooman's Nose (part of the Long Path) and about which Schaefer wrote Vrooman's Nose: Sky Island of the Schoharie Valley: A Study (1992).
Series 6: Dutch Barns, approx. 3.00 cubic ft. unprocessed
Photographs, correspondence, maps, newspaper clippings, sketches/building plans, and miscellaneous materials relating to the study and preservation of Dutch Barns, and the Dutch Barn Preservation Society. Also includes copies of Dutch Barn Miscellany, which Schaefer edited from 1988-19__. Dutch Barns of New York: An Introduction by Schaefer was published in 1994.
Subgroup I: Biographical and Autobiographical Information, 1906-1993
Series 1: Personal Logs, 1947-1977, 1979-1993
Box 1
Folder
1-13. Personal Logs, 1947-59
Box 2
Folder
1-13. Personal Logs, 1960-1972
Box 3
Folder
1-5. Personal Logs, 1973-1977
6-12. Personal Logs, 1979-1985
Box 4
Folder
1-8. Personal Logs, 1986-1993
Subgroup I: Biographical and Autobiographical Information, 1906-1993
Series 2: Schedules and Itineraries, 1944-1993
Box 5
Folder
1. GE Pocket Diaries, 1944, 1946-1947
2. GE Pocket Diaries, 1948-1949
3. GE Pocket Diaries, 1951-1953
4. GE Pocket Diaries, 1954-1956
5. GE Pocket Diaries, 1957, 1959-1960
6. GE Pocket Diaries, 1964
7. Monthly Minders, 1960-1963
8. Monthly Minders, 1964-1969
9. Monthly Minders, 1970-1974
10. Monthly Minders, 1975-1980
Box 6
Folder
1. Monthly Minders, 1982-1987
2. Monthly Minders, 1988-1993
3. Itinerary, 1962-1963
4. Itinerary, 1964
5. Itinerary, 1965
6. Itinerary, 1966
Box 7
Folder
1. Itinerary, 1967
2. Itinerary, 1968
3. Miscellaneous, Advantage Program Mileage Summary, 1981
4. Miscellaneous, Miscellaneous Calendars and Trip Lists, 1950s-1960s
5. Miscellaneous, Travel Log, circa 1951
6. Miscellaneous, Trips Listing, 1960-1968
7. Miscellaneous, Western Trip Expenses, 1960-1968
Subgroup I: Biographical and Autobiographical Information, 1906-1993
Series 3: Autobiographical Writings
Box 8
Folder
1. Autobiography, Chapter 1 (1906-1915)
2. Autobiography, Chapter 2 (1917-1921)
3. Autobiography, Chapter 3 (1922-1927 [1929])
4. Autobiography, Chapter 4 (1928-1933)
5. Autobiography, Chapter 5 (1934-1939)
6. Autobiography, Chapter 6 (1940-1945)
7. Autobiography, Chapter 7 (1946-1950)
8. Autobiography, Chapter ? (1950-1952)
9. Autobiography, Chapter 8 (1953-1958 [1964, 1970, 1974-1975])
10. "The Adirondack Connection," Complete Copy
11. "The Adirondack Connection," Incomplete Copy #1
12. "The Adirondack Connection," Incomplete Copy #2
13-14. "The Adirondack Connection," Handwritten Copy
15. "The Adirondack Connection," Newspaper Articles Bases on, 1984, 1989
16. "The Adirondack Connection," "Old Doug Morehouse Place," Map, circa 1966
17. "Twenty Years at Langmuir University," Typed Manuscript (Chs. 1-6)
18-25. "Twenty Years at Langmuir University," Handwritten Manuscript
26. "Twenty Years at Langmuir University," Illustration Photocopies
27-34. "Twenty Years at Langmuir University," Caption Slips for Illustrations (Chs. 1-9; only 8 folders; Chs. 6-9 may actually be 5-8)
35. "Twenty Years at Langmuir University," Content Lists, Layout Notes and Miscellaneous
36. "Twenty Years at Langmuir University," Miscellaneous Drafts (typed)
37. "Twenty Years at Langmuir University," Brief Autobiography, 1979
38. "Twenty Years at Langmuir University," Correspondence Regarding Autobiography, 1987-1992
Box 9
Folder
Autobiographical Articles and Addresses (arranged by date; undated materials arranged alphabetically)
1. Local History Topics, 1940, 1942
2. "My Brush with History," 1942 (about smoke generation project)
3. Biography and Correspondence: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 1965
4. "Needed-A Better Energy Sink," 1966 (commencement address, Fort Lewis College)
5. "Observation, Serendipity, and Climate Change," 1974
6. "Thoughts on a Commencement," 1975 (Siena College honorary degree)
7. The Great Flats Aquifer-A Unique Source of Pure Water in Schenectady County," 3/77
8. "A Schaefer Quiz to Graduate Students in the Atmospheric Sciences," 1982
9. "For the Fun of It," 6/17/83 (commencement address at York University)
10. "One of Life's Milestones," (address given at Lone Scout reunion)
11. "Halley's Comet, An Arrowhead and...Lots of Luck," 1984-1985 (in Weatherwise-correspondence, draft, and final)
12. "Time for a Change," 1989 (regarding Project Cirrus and the future of weather modification research)
13. "The Serendipitous Way of Life," 1989
14. ["Oh to be Young Again"] 1991
15. "Serendipity and the Innovator," 1992
16. Adventures in Meteorology, undated (outline)
17. "Factors Which Led Up to the Formation of ASRC Thirty Years Ago," undated
18. History of the Mohawk Valley Hiking Club, undated
19. "Langmuir's Role in Conservation Activities," undated
20. Miscellaneous Handwritten Notes and Stories, undated
21. Miscellaneous Personal Reminiscences, undated
22. Mount Washington Observatory, undated
23. "The Natural Sciences Institute-An Adventure in Education," undated
24. Vrooman's Nose, undated
25. "We Call It Serendipity," undated
Subgroup I: Biographical and Autobiographical Information, 1906-1993
Series 4: Background Materials
Box 10
Folder
1. Articles on Schaefer, 1948-1990
2. Biographical Data
3. Biographical Sketches by Publications
4. Biography in GE Publication, 1991
5. Car Accident Reports
6. Cards (World War II), 1941-1944
7. Citation from the American Meteorological Society, 1976
8-15. Clippings about Schaefer, 1932-1990
16. Correspondence to and from Children, 1966, 1978
17. Correspondence to Lois Schaefer, 1965-1967m 1973, 1977
18. Correspondence-Miscellaneous, 1948, 1975, 1980, 1988
Box 11
Folder
1. Family Trips to West (diary by Lois Schaefer), 1948-1960
2. "Freedom: The Opportunity to Profit from the Unexpected" by Irving Langmuir, 1956
3. Funeral Liturgy, 7/28/93
4. GE Publications and Press Releases
5. Membership Cards-Miscellaneous, 1940s
6. Miscellaneous
7. Natural Sciences Institute (in Science Education News), 1968
8. Obituary (The Daily Gazette), 7/26/93
9. Obituary (The New York Times), 8/93
10. "Old and New Vistas" (outline for program), 1980
11. Patent Issued to V.J. Schaefer, 1938-1960
12. Personal and Other Logos-Sketches
13. Programs, 1947-1976
14. Publications of VJS (from ASRC annual report), 1975-1976
15. Reminiscences by NSI Participants, 1976-1983
16. Reminiscences of Others, 1976-1977
Box 12
Folder
1. Resumes, Biographical Outlines
2. The St. James Window, 1980
3. Schaefer, James M., 1970s
4. Schaefer, Paul, 1930s-1990s
5. "Science, Success and Serendipity," by Duncan Blanchard
6. Serendipity Hall, 1984
7. SUNY Newsletter-Schaefer on Car Fumes, 1966
Subgroup I: Biographical and Autobiographical Information, 1906-1993
Series 5: Honors and Awards
Box 13
Folder
1. Notre Dame Honorary Degree, 1948
2. Draperian, 1951 (program for commencement at Draper High School)
3. Joint Legislative Committee on Environmental Conservation Certificate of Recognition, 6/15/72
4. Presidential Award of Excellence for Outstanding Achievement in Environmental Protection Services, circa 1974-1976
5. Nature Conservancy Life Member, 12/30/74
6. Siena College Honorary Degree, 1975
7. SUNY Citizen Laureate Award for Service to Academe, 1980
8. Citizen Laureate Award Programs, 1980-1982
9. Weather Modification Association-Manager Certification, 10/7/81
10. York University Honorary Degree, 1983
11. University at Albany Foundation Membership Certificate, 1991
12. Environmental Clearinghouse of Schenectady Certificate, undated
13. Certificate of Appreciation-Schenectady County Board of Representatives, undated
14. Miscellaneous Honors and Citations
Box 14
Folder
Microscopy Society of America, 8/17/92
Box 15
Folder
Nature Conservancy of Eastern New York, March 27, 1983
Box 16
Folder
1. Sigma Pi Sigma Physics Honor Society Honorary Membership Plaque, May 19, 1960
2. Key from Shunichi Kimura-Mayor, County of Hawaii, April 26, 1971
3. Vincent J. Schaefer Award by Weather Modification Association, 1976
Subgroup I: Biographical and Autobiographical Information, 1906-1993
Series 6: Schaefer Collection Disposition
Box 17
Folder
1. Book Collection-Appraisal, after 1993
2. Book Collection-Those Donated to SUNY-Albany, 1983-1984
3. Book Collection-Those Not Donated to SUNY-Albany, 2/1/95
4. Correspondence Regarding Collection, 1982-1987
5. Langmuir, David-Correspondence on Langmuir Home Movies, 4/12/83
6. Langmuir Exhibit Materials-List (Schenectady Museum), 1988
7. Miscellaneous Correspondence and Notes, circa 1959-1986
Box 18
Folder
1. Passport and Related Correspondence, 1947-1954
2. Personal Data, 1950s-1980s
3. Timelines of VJS Life (prepared by VJS)
4. "Vincent J. Schaefer: Personal and Scientific Visions," 1991 (exhibit at GE Atrium Gallery)
5. "Vincent J. Schaefer at 70: A Tribute" by Duncan Blanchard (ASRC annual report), 1975-1976
6. Tax Bills, Maps, Deeds and Correspondence (property in Johnsburg, NY)
7. Woestyne South (Schaefer home)
8. Writings by Others on Serendipity and Related Topics
Subgroup II: Professional Career, 1920-1990s
Series 1: Davey Tree Service, 1927-1933
Box 19
Folder
1. Correspondence, February 1927 to December 1928
2. Employment Agreement, 12/6/27
3. Examination Papers-Lessons 1-10, 3-6/27
4. "Mohawk Valley Tree Experts" (notebook), 1933
Subgroup II: Professional Career, 1920-1990s
Series 2: General Electric Research Laboratory, 1933-1954
Box 20
Folder
1. Absorbing Membranes, 1944-1945
2. Advancing and Receding Contact-Angles, 1949-1950
3. Aerial Photos, Assorted, 1942
4. Aerological Instruments-Recommendation on (I. Langmuir), 1944
5. Aeronautical Chart for Hudson River Region, 1947
6. Aeronautical Ice Research Laboratory Reports, 1946
7. Air Materiel Command-Engineering Division Report, undated
8. Air Pollution Conference Report, undated
9. Air Pollution in Washington State, 1951
10. Albany Airport, 1951
11. Altimeters, 1947
12. Amateur Weathermen of America, 1947
13. American Cyanograms, Summer 1948
14. American Geophysical Union, 1945-1946, 1948, 1952
15. The American Magazine-Rejection Slip, 1946
16. American Men of Science Questionnaire, circa 1948
17. American Meteorological Society, 1946-1954
18. American Polar Society-Membership Invitation, undated
19. Apprenticeship Records, 1923-1924
20. Arctic North America-Program for Possible Scientific
Investigations in (Arctic Institute of North
America Bulletin No.1), 1946
21. Articles by Schaefer, "Basic Meteorological Factors Which Must Be
Considered in the Production of Snow or Rain in
the Natural Atmosphere by Artificial Methods,"
1947
22. Articles by Schaefer, "The Beauty That Falls From the Sky,"
undated
23. Articles by Schaefer, "Biological Activity of Enzyme Monolayers,"
(progress report), 1938
24. Articles by Schaefer, "The Castles of the Sky," undated
25. Articles by Schaefer, "Cloud Forms of Jet Streams" (Research
Laboratory Bulletin), 12/53
26. Articles by Schaefer, "Cloud Forms of the Jet Stream" (Tellus), 1953
27. "Composition of Fatty Acid Films on Water Containing
Calcium or Barium Salts" (with I. Langmuir,
Journal of the American Chemical Society), 1936
28. Articles by Schaefer, "The Concentration of Ice Nuclei in Air Passing the
Summit of Mt. Washington," 1953
29. Articles by Schaefer, "A Confirmation of the Workman-Reynolds Effect," 1950
30. Articles by Schaefer, "The Detection of Ice Nuclei in the Free Atmosphere,"
1948
31. Articles by Schaefer, "The Development of a Snow
Classification System," undated
32. Articles by Schaefer, "Doing Something About the Weather," 1947
33. Articles by Schaefer, "Down From the Sky," undated
34. Articles by Schaefer, "Dry Stripped Replicas for the
Electron Microscope," circa 1942
35. Articles by Schaefer, "An Early Account of a Flight to Modify Lightning
Storms" with H.T. Gisborne memo, 1949, 1965?
36. Articles by Schaefer, "Earth Movers of the Past," 1953
37-38. Articles by Schaefer, "The Economic Aspects of Experimental
Meteorology" (Schaefer report for UN),
1949
39. Articles by Schaefer, "The Effect of Ultra-Violet Light on Built-Up
Monolayers" (Science), 5/19/39
40. Articles by Schaefer, "The Effects Produced by Seeding Supercooled
Clouds with Dry Ice and Silver Iodide"
(Centenary Proceedings of the Royal
Meteorological Society), 1950
41. Articles by Schaefer, "Equipment and Procedures for Making Very
Thin Absorbing Membranes," 2/22/45
42. Articles by Schaefer, "Expansion Patterns of Protein Monolayers on Water,"
1938
43. Articles by Schaefer, "The Experimental Apparatus and Procedure, undated
(incomplete draft on the cold chamber)
44. Articles by Schaefer, "Experimental Meteorology" (Journal of Applied
Mathematics and Physics), 1950
45. Articles by Schaefer, "Experiments with Cloudy Skies" (Weatherwise), 1948
46. Articles by Schaefer, "Factors Related to Experimental Meteorology" and
Miscellaneous Weather Research Notes, 1950
47. Articles by Schaefer, "The First Flight to Make Snow," 1947
48. Articles by Schaefer, "The Formation of Frazil and Anchor Ice in
Cold Water," 1950
49. Articles by Schaefer, "Formation of Ice Crystals in Ordinary and Nuclei-
Free Air" (Industrial and Engineering
Chemistry), 1952
50. Articles by Schaefer, "The Formation of Ice Crystals in the Laboratory
and the Atmosphere" (Chemical Reviews), 1949
51. Articles by Schaefer, "The Formation of Smoke Aerosols," 1953
52. Articles by Schaefer, "The Formation of Snow Crystals on Airborne
Dust Particles" (fragment), undated
53. Articles by Schaefer, "Freezing and Frozen Raindrops," 1951
54. Articles by Schaefer,"Heat Requirements for Instruments and Airfoils
During Icing Storms on Mt. Washington"
(Transactions of the ASME), 1947
55. Articles by Schaefer, "How to Fingerprint a Snowstorm" aka "Forms of
Water in the Wintertime" (Natural History), 1943
56. Articles by Schaefer, "How to Make Snow at Home" (Popular Science), undated
57. Articles by Schaefer, "The Ice Borers," 1952
58. Articles by Schaefer, "Ice Crystal Nuclei" (security clearance of), 1951
59. Articles by Schaefer, "Ice Crystals Formed Spontaneously by the Rapid
Expansion of Moist Air" (Journal of Colloid
Science), 4/54
60. Articles by Schaefer, "Improved Methods of Conditioning Surfaces for
Adsorption" (with I. Langmuir), undated
61. Articles by Schaefer, "Induced Precipitation and Experimental
Meteorology" (Transactions of the New
York Academy of Sciences), 1950
62. Articles by Schaefer, "Langmuir's Role in Conservation Activities," undated
63. Articles by Schaefer, "Localized Effects Induced by Seeding Supercooled
Clouds with Dry Ice and Silver Iodide," 1950
64. Articles by Schaefer, "Making "Fossil" Snowflakes," 1941
65. Articles by Schaefer, "The Measurement of High Concentrations of Ice
Nuclei in a Small Parcel of Air," circa 1952
66. Articles by Schaefer, "A Method for Making Snowflake Replicas," circa 1941
67. Articles by Schaefer, "A Method of Making Replicas of Snowflakes, Ice
Crystals, and Other Short Lived Substances,"
1941
68. Articles by Schaefer, "Methods and Techniques for the Study of Atmospheric
Nuclei, Clouds and Precipitation," 1948
69. Articles by Schaefer, "Methods of Dissipating Supercooled Clouds in
the Natural Atmosphere" (Navigation), 1947
70. Articles by Schaefer, "The Natural and Artificial Formation of Snow in
the Atmosphere" (Transactions, American
Geophysical Union), 1948
71. Articles by Schaefer, "A New Method for Studying the Structure of
Glacier Ice" (Journal of Glaciology), 1950
72. Articles by Schaefer, "New Methods for Preparing Surface Replicas for
Microscopic Observations," 1942
73. Articles by Schaefer, "The Nucleation and Growth of Ice Crystals," 1953
74-75. Articles by Schaefer, "The Occurrence of Ice Nuclei in the Free
Atmosphere" and Pollution Conference
Materials, 1949
76. Articles by Schaefer, "The Possibilities of Modifying Lightning Storms
in the Northern Rockies" and Related
Materials (includes annotated maps), 1949
77. Articles by Schaefer, "The Production of Clouds Containing Supercooled
Water Droplets or Ice Crystals Under
Laboratory Conditions" (Bulletin of the
American Meteorological Society), 1948
78. Articles by Schaefer, "The Production of Ice Crystals in a Cloud of
Supercooled Water Droplets" (Science), 1946
79. Articles by Schaefer, "The Production of Precipitation in the Atmosphere"
(abstract only), 1948
80. Articles by Schaefer, "Progress in Cloud Modification by Project Cirrus
Part I," 1950
81. Articles by Schaefer, "Progress in Control of Meteorological Factors,"
1952
82. Articles by Schaefer, "Properties of Particles of Snow and the Electrical
Effects They Produce in Storms"
(Transactions, American Geophysical Union),
1947
83-84. Articles by Schaefer, "Properties of Single Particles and the Electrical
Effects They Produce in Storms," 1944
85. Articles by Schaefer, Published Articles and Article Fragments, 1948, 1954
86. Articles by Schaefer, "Rain and Rainmaking" and Related Paperwork, 1951
87. Articles by Schaefer, "Rain Forests and Shadows," 1952
88. Articles by Schaefer, "Rambles in an Arizona Desert," 1953?
89. Articles by Schaefer, "Rates of Evaporation of Water Through Compressed
Monolayers on Water" (with I. Langmuir,
Journal of the Franklin Institute) and Related?, 1943
90. Articles by Schaefer, "Report on General Electric Cloud Meter (Plane
Model)" with Photographs, 1945
91. Articles by Schaefer, "Report on Icing Studies Underway on Mt. Washington,
NH and Schenectady, NY Up to and Including
January 20, 1945," 1945
92. Articles by Schaefer, "Report on the Installation of a New Liquid Water Content
Instrument on Mt. Washington, NH and Other
Studies Underway at the Observatory and at the
Laboratory in Schenectady, New York," 1945
93. Articles by Schaefer, "Salted-Out Protein Films" (with I. Langmuir), 1938
94. Articles by Schaefer, "The Scientific Aspects of Rainmaking" (abstract only) and
Related Paperwork, 1951
95. Articles by Schaefer, "Silver and Lead Iodides as Ice Crystal Nuclei," 1953
(Office of Naval Research)
96. Articles by Schaefer, "Simple Laboratory Apparatus for the Study of Clouds,"
undated
97. Articles by Schaefer, "Sky Riders of Antiquity," 1952
98. Articles by Schaefer, "Snow," undated
99. Articles by Schaefer, "Snow and Experimental Meteorology" (Museum
Service), 1950
100. Articles by Schaefer, "Snow and Its Relationship to Experimental
Meteorology," 1950?
101. Articles by Schaefer, "Some Observations on the Mechanism of
Lubrication," 1936
102. Articles by Schaefer, "Statement on Weather Modification Possibilities," 1951
103. Articles by Schaefer, "Studies of Surface Properties by the Light
Scattering of Deposited Liquid Films," 1941
104. Articles by Schaefer, "Suggested Program for Further Time Lapse
Cloud Photography," 1954
105. Articles by Schaefer, "Suggestions for Cloud Studies to Establish Importance
of Artificial Seeding Operations in a Particular
Area," 1951
106. Articles by Schaefer, "Summary of Work in 1948 by Physical Studies
Group," 1949?
107. Articles by Schaefer, "Surface Replicas Containing
Dye for Use in the Light Microscope," 1943
108. Articles by Schaefer, "Surface Replicas for Use in the
Electron Microscope" (Journal of Applied Physics), 1942
109. Articles by Schaefer, "Text Proposed for Guest Column of Mr. Robert
S. Allen, Post-Hall Newspaper Syndicate," 1953
110. Articles by Schaefer, "Types of Solid Precipitation in Snowstorms"
(Weatherwise), 1948
111. Articles by Schaefer, "The Use of Silver Iodide Particles for Seeding
Supercooled Clouds," 1951
112. Articles by Schaefer, "Use of Snowflake Replicas for
Studying Winter Storms" (Nature), 1942
113. Articles by Schaefer, "Weather as a Natural Resource," 1949
114. Articles by Schaefer, "Weather Reconnaissance by Airborne Time Lapse Camera"
(with M.M. Taylor), undated
Box 21
Folder
Box 22
Folder
1. Clouds: "The Scribble-In Book" with Assorted Cloud Photos, undated
2. Clouds: Thunderstorms, undated
3. Coil Frosting Rates, 1947
4. Cold Chamber, "A Continuous Cloud Chamber for Studying Small
Particles in the Atmosphere" and Related
Paperwork (Schaefer), 1951
5. Cold Chamber, Demonstration at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, undated
6. Cold Chamber, Equipment, undated
7. Cold Chamber, LW Cold Chamber, undated
8. Cold Chamber, "The Laboratory Cold Chamber for Simulation of
Natural Clouds and the Reactions Which
Occur in Them" (Schaefer), 1948
9. Cold Chamber, Photos, undated
10. Cold Chamber, Sublimation Nuclei, Detection of, circa 1944
11. Cold Chamber, Temperature, Altitude and Humidity Simulating Units, undated
12. Cold Chamber, Temperature of During Benzene Run, undated
13. Colloid Symposium (MIT), 1938 (Schaefer on p.7)
14. Collodion Replicas, 1942
15. Condensation, Notes on, undated
16. Condensation Nuclei Manuscript (fragment), undated
17. Condensation Nuclei Symposium, 1954
18. Conducting Films, undated
19. Construction Details (tracecoat tape recorder), 4/45
20. Cornish(?), P.F.-Letter, 1952
21-24. Correspondence, 1939-1950, 1952-1954
25. Costs of Making Copies of Reports, 1944-1945
26. Crater Lake?, 6/20/47
27. Crystal Deposits-Unidentified, 1945
28. Crystallization of Metals, Rocks and Ice, Symposium on, 1951
29. Crystals, Growth of (Orlan M. Arnold), 1946
30. Crystals(?) on Plastic, 1942?
31. Cyclol Theory of Protean Structure, 1930s?
32-33. Cytological Research, 1933
34. Daily Temperatures (location unknown), 1952
35. Deposition Rates, circa 1939-1940
36. Diamond Dust-Observations, undated
37. Diffusion Rates of Water from Clean Water Surface, 1940
38. Di-N-Propyl Sebacate, 1940
39. Dutch(?) Meteorological Map, undated
40. Einladung zur Sitzung der Naturforschenden Geselischaft
in Zurich, 1953
41. Einstein, Albert (photograph), circa 1920s
42. Electric Hygrometer Development Report, 1945
43. Electrometer, 1949
44. Electron Microscopy: "Analytical Patterns in the Study of Mineral and
Biological Materials" (H. Yagoda), 1943
45. Electron Microscopy: Crystals, undated
46. Electron Microscopy: Description of Electron Microscope, 1942
47. Electron Microscopy: Electron Microscopy Society of America- History of,
1992
48. Electron Microscopy: General Electric, 1943
49. Electron Microscopy: Images, 1940s?
50. Electron Microscopy: Journal Article (fragment), 1945
51. Electron Microscopy: Newspaper Clippings, 1941
52. Electron Microscopy: Photomicrographs, 1939-1941,
53. Electron Microscopy: Photomicrographs, undated
54. Electron Microscopy: "Replica Technique and Metallographic Preparation
for the Electron Microscope" (M. Murphy),
1944
55. Electron Microscopy: Symposium, 1942
56. Electronic Stratometer, 1945
57. Employee Rating Sheets, 1949
58. Encyclopedia Arctica (V. Stefansson), 1950
59. Evaporated Films, 1940
60. Evaporation Rates-Data on Dehydrating Materials, 1940
61. Evaporation Studies, 1950s-1970s
62. Evaporation Through Surface Films, 1940
63. Experimental 30-Day Weather Forecasts, 6-9, 12/53
64. Falconer, Raymond: Atmospheric Science Equipment-
Recommendations for, 1948
65. Falconer, Raymond: Cloud Meter, Letter re, 1945
66. Falconer, Raymond: "Experimental 30-Day Forecast for the
Albany-Schenectady Area," 6/53
67. Falconer, Raymond: "Use of Pitot Tube to Compensate for Pressure
Deficiency Caused by Wind on Mount
Washington, New Hampshire," 1947
68. Fasciation, 1948, 1971, undated
69. Filter Data, 1941
70. Fires in Ontario-Map and Data, 1948
71. Fluxometer Theory, 1940
72. Fog, 1943-1952
73. Foreign Governments, Requests from, 1954
74. Foreign Journal (report), 1952
75. Foreman's Journal, 1891
76. Forest Service Map, 1948
77. Franklin, Benjamin-Letter on Electricity, 1752 (1920 copy)
78. Frasil Ice, 1949
79. French Language Materials, 1951
80. Friction Studies, 1934
81. Frost Studies, 1947
82. G and W Filters, Testing of (Langmuir letter to Schaefer), circa 1942?
83. General Electric Publications: Adventures Inside the Atom (comic book), 1948
84. General Electric Publications: The Apprentice System of the Schenectady Works, 1924
85. General Electric Publications: Camp General Electric, 1948
86. General Electric Publications: General Electric News Digest, 9-10/50
87. General Electric Publications: General Electric Review, 11/52 (contains a history of
Project Cirrus)
88. General Electric Publications: General Electric Review, 6/53 (Schaefer on pp.42-47)
89. General Electric Publications: The Knolls News, 1946, 1948-1949, 1951 (not complete)
90. General Electric Publications: Laboratory Activities Developments, 10/1/51
91. General Electric Publications: The Monogram, 1943-1945, 1948, 1953 (not complete)
92. General Electric Publications: More Power to America Special (comic book), 1950
93. General Electric Publications: Project Cirrus: The Story of Cloud Seeding, 1952
(an offprint of General Electric Review, 11/52)
94. General Electric Publications: Research in General Electric 1900-1950, 1950
95. General Electric Publications: Research Laboratory Bulletin, 6/48, 4/50, 5/51
96. General Electric Publications: Research Laboratory Digest, Summer 1957
97. General Electric Publications: Research Laboratory Foto Facts, 11/48, 10/50
Box 23
Folder
1. General Electric Publications: Research Laboratory Memo, 9/48, 2/49, 9/49
2. General Electric Publications: The Story of Lightning, 1942
3. General Electric Publications: Story of the Turbine, 1950
4. General Electric Publications: Thunderbolts in Harness, 1951
5. General Electric Publications: What's New in the World of Science Volume II, 1943
6. General Electric Publications: Why Study English?, 1953
7. General Engineering Laboratory, Research Publications of,
1955-1959
8. General Experiments, 1944
9. Geodimeter, 1951
10. German Aeronautical Research Report No.1786, 1946
11. "Gertrude"-Letter from, 1928
12. Glass Filter Research, circa 1940
13. Gregg, Arthur-Research Notes by, 1940-1942, undated
14. Groundwater Elevation in the Hudson-Mohawk Drainage
Basin, 1931-1950
15. Hail Report, 1951
16. Hailstones, 1949-1950, undated
17. Halo, Measurement of, 1943
18. Hand Unit Nuclei Counter, 1949
19. Hartford, CT-Weather Conditions at, 6/6/49
20. Heat Pump, 1953
21. Heat Pump Defrosting Studies, 1951-1952
22. High Altitude Observatory, 1953
23. High Magnification Photos-Snow and Unidentified, undated
24. High Voltage Radiography, Symposium on, 1952
25. Home-made Rain-Publishing Contract for, 1953
26. Honorary Degree from Notre Dame, 1948
27. Hydrology and Related Matters, undated
28. Hypsometer Study, 1948
29. Ice Crystals and Nuclei, 1948-1953
30. Ice Fog, 1953
31-37. Icing and Precipitation Static Reports Book I, 1946?
38. Icing Nomenclature (by Schaefer?), undated
39. Icing Report by the University of California, 1946
40-44. Icing Research: P(11.1), 4/44-9/48
45. Icing Research: 1952
46. Icing Research: Altitude and Ice Formation, 1945
47. Icing Research: Autograph Book with Daily Notes from Jan. 1942
Ice Collection Experiments, 1942
48. Icing Research: Aircraft Deicing and Heat Pump Storage Systems,
1952
49. Icing Research: Antice 107, 1947
50. Icing Research: Antice 1001, undated
51. Icing Research: Correspondence, 1945, 1951, 1953
52. Icing Research: Data, 1945
53. Icing Research: Data from Mt. Washington Observatory, 1945
54. Icing Research: Deicing, 1947
55. Icing Research: Deicing Lab (MIT) Data, 1945 (B. Vonnegut)
56. Icing Research: Final Report on Icing Research Up to July 1, 1945, 1945
(I. Langmuir)
57. Icing Research: Final Report on Icing Research Up to July 1, 1946,
1948
58-59. Icing Research: Germany and Czechoslovakia, Rare Reports from During World
War II, 1943
Box 24
Folder
1-4. Icing Research: Harvard-Mount Washington Icing Research
Report 1946-1947, 1948
5. Icing Research: Helicopter Blades, 1945
6. Icing Research: Ice and Rime Studies, 1952
7. Icing Research: Instruments, 1945
8. Icing Research: International Civil Aviation Organization, 1950
9. Icing Research: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lab
Photos and Data, 12/22/43
10-12. Icing Research: Miscellaneous, 1940, 1945-1946, undated
13. Icing Research: Mt. Washington Observatory, Experiments on, 1945
14-17. Icing Research: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 1947-1951
18. Icing Research: (?GE) Plane Photos, undated
19. Icing Research: Precipitation Static, 1943-1944
20. Icing Research: Princeton University Data (Tests 496-242 to
496-244), 1948
21. Icing Research: Propeller Tests-Icing on Blades, 1946
22. Icing Research: Reports-Miscellaneous, 1945
23. Icing Research: Rime and Icelac, 1944-1945
24. Icing Research: Rime on Mount Washington, 1945
25. Icing Research: "A Selected Bibliography of French Reports in
the Field of Aircraft Icing" (M. Tribus,
University of Michigan), 1953
26. Icing Research: Snowflakes and Static Electricity, 1946
27. Icing Research: Special Icing Observations at Mt. Washington
Observatory, 1945 (2 folders)
28. Icing Research: University of Michigan Icing Research Project, 1952-1953
29. Icing Research: ?Vortex Ice Crystal Generator, 1947
30. ID Badge, undated
31. Incense (Blue Smoke), undated
32. Industrial Museum, 1931
33. Institute of Navigation Meeting Program, 1947
34. Institutional Hierarchy
35. Instrumentation for Industrial Hygiene Symposium, 1954
36. Iodine Abstracts and Reviews and French Language Article,
1950-1951
37. Iron Particles, Nucleation and Growth of During
Electrodepostion into Mercury Cathodes,
1953
38. Isotope Catalogue and Price List, 1949
39. Jet Stream: "Cloud Forms of the Jet Stream," 1953
40. Jet Stream: Correspondence, 1952
41. Jet Stream: "Jet Stream Clouds" and Miscellaneous Notes,
1953
42. Jet Stream: Maps, 3-9/53
43. Jet Stream: Maps, 1/1-3/14/53 (conic projection)
44. Jet Stream: Maps, 6/3-11/53 (conic projection)
45. Jet Stream: Miscellaneous
46. Jet Stream: Radio Interview of Schaefer, 1953
47-48. Jet Stream: Research, 1952-1954
49. Jet Stream: Research-Tornadoes, undated
50. Journal of Meteorology 5(3), 6/48
51. Laboratory Conference No. 8, 1945
52. Laboratory Notes-Miscellaneous, 1934-1935, undated
53. Laboratory Study and Development Program, undated
54. Landform Map of the Northwestern States, 1939
55. Landform Map of the United States, 1939
56. Langmuir, Irving: Album, Index to, circa 1950
57. Langmuir, Irving: Biography by K.B. Blodgett, 1933
58. Langmuir, Irving: Biography by A.C. Langmuir, 1932
59. Langmuir, Irving: Biography by W.R. Whitney, 1941
60. Langmuir, Irving: Biography in Scientific American, 1937
61. Langmuir, Irving: The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir-
Correspondence, 1958-1961, 1966
62. Langmuir, Irving: The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir-
Introduction to Volume VII by Schaefer,1960
63. Langmuir, Irving: The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir-
Introduction to Volume 10 by Schaefer, undated
64. Langmuir, Irving: Columbia University Engineering Center News, 12/51
65-68. Langmuir, Irving: Correspondence, 1949-1954
69. Langmuir, Irving: Current Science, 10/5-9/42 (Langmuir depicted)
70. Langmuir, Irving: General Electric Candid Camera-Picture of
Langmuir, 1944
71. Langmuir, Irving: Memorial by Nephews, 1957
72. Langmuir, Irving: Memorials by Schaefer, 1957-1958
73. Langmuir, Irving: Miscellaneous
74. Langmuir, Irving: Museum Service, 3-4/39
75. Langmuir, Irving: Perkin Medal Award, 1928
76. Langmuir, Irving: Photographs of, undated
77. Langmuir, Irving: Priestley Medal Award, 1929
78. Langmuir, Irving: ?Protein Monolayers, 1939
79. Langmuir, Irving: Publications, undated
80. Langmuir, Irving: Time Article on, 1950
81. Langmuir, Irving: "A Tribute to Irving Langmuir 1881-1957," circa 1957
Items by Langmuir:
82. Langmuir, Irving: Book U, Supplement to, 1952
83. Langmuir, Irving: "Built-Up Films of Barium Stearate and Their
Optical Properties" (w/K.B. Blodgett),1937
84. Langmuir, Irving: "Cloud Seeding by Means of Dry Ice, Silver Iodide,
and Sodium Chloride" (Transactions of the
New York Academy of Sciences), 1951
85. Langmuir, Irving: Cloud Seeding Results, 1950
86. Langmuir, Irving: "The Condensation Pump: An Improved Form of
High Vacuum Pump" (General Electric
Review), 1916
87. Langmuir, Irving: "The Constitution of Liquids with Especial
Reference to Surface Tension Phenomena"
(Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering), 1916
88. Langmuir, Irving: "The Control of Hurricanes," 1955
89. Langmuir, Irving: "Control of Precipitation from Cumulus Clouds by
Various Seeding Techniques" (Science), 1950
90. Langmuir, Irving: "The Cooling of Cylinders by Fog Moving at High
Velocities," 1945
91. Langmuir, Irving: "Currents Limited by Space Charge Between
Concentric Spheres" (with K.B. Blodgett,
Physical Review), 1924
92. Langmuir, Irving: "Effect of End Losses on the Characteristics of
Filaments of Tungsten and Other
Materials" (with S. MacLane and K.B.
Blodgett, Physical Review), 1950
93. Langmuir, Irving: "The Effect of Monomolecular Films on the
Evaporation of Ether Solutions" (with
D.B. Langmuir, Journal of Physical
Chemistry), 1927
94. Langmuir, Irving: "Effect of X-Rays on Surface Potentials of
Multilayers" (with F.J. Norton,
Journal of the American Chemical Society), 1938
95. Langmuir, Irving: "Electric Discharges in Gases at Low Pressures," 1928
96. Langmuir, Irving: "Electric Discharges in Vacuum and in Gases at
Low Pressures" (Denki Gakkwai), 1934
97. Langmuir, Irving: "Experiments with Oil on Water" (Journal of
Chemical Education), 1931
98. Langmuir, Irving: "An Extension of the Phase Rule for Adsorption
Under Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium
Conditions" (The Journal of Chemical
Physics), 1933
99. Langmuir, Irving: "Final Report on Investigation of Fundamental Phenomena
of Precipitation Static," 1945
100. Langmuir, Irving: "Freedom: The Opportunity to Profit from the
Unexpected," 1956
101. Langmuir, Irving: "Fundamental Industrial Research" (Denki Gakkwai), 1934
102. Langmuir, Irving: "The Growth of Particles in Smokes and Clouds
and the Production of Snow from
Supercooled Clouds" (Proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society), 1948
103. Langmuir, Irving: "The Heat Conductivity of Tungsten and the
Cooling of Leads Upon Filaments at
Low Temperatures" (with J.B. Taylor,
Physical Review), 1936
104. Langmuir, Irving: "Hurricane Control," 1955
105. Langmuir, Irving: "A Mathematical Investigation of Water Droplet
Trajectories," 1945
106. Langmuir, Irving: "A Mathematical Investigation of Water Droplet
Trajectories" (with K.B. Blodgett), 1945
107. Langmuir, Irving: "Mechanical Properties of Monomolecular Films"
(Journal of the Franklin Institute), 1934
108. Langmuir, Irving: "Memorandum on Introduction of Ice Nuclei
Into Clouds," 1946
109. Langmuir, Irving: "Monolayers on Solids" (Journal of the Chemical Society),
1940
Box 25
Folder
1-2. Langmuir, Irving: Motion for Dissolution by Arnold, 1917
3. Langmuir, Irving: "Multilayers of Aerosols and the Adsorption of
Digitonin by Deposited Monolayers"
(with Schaefer and H. Sobotka, Journal of
the American Chemical Society), 1937
4. Langmuir, Irving: "Oil Lenses on Water and the Nature of
Monomolecular Expanded Films"
(Journal of Chemical Physics), 1933
5. Langmuir, Irving: "Overturning and Anchoring of Monolayers"
(Science), 1938
6. Langmuir, Irving: "Pathological Science," 1953
7. Langmuir, Irving: Periodicities in Seeding, Schedules for, 1952
8. Langmuir, Irving: Periodicity of Rainfall, Articles on, 1950
9. Langmuir, Irving: "Planning Unplanned Research," 1951
10. Langmuir, Irving: "The Production of Rain by a Chain Reaction in
Cumulus Clouds at Temperatures Above
Freezing" (Journal of Meteorology), 1948
11. Langmuir, Irving: "Properties and Structure of Protein Monolayers,"1939
12. Langmuir, Irving: "Protein Monolayers" (Cold Spring Harbor
Symposia on Quantitative Biology Volume I), 1938
13. Langmuir, Irving: Rainfall Data, 1950
14. Langmuir, Irving: "Regions of Reversed Magnetization by Strained Wires"
(Physical Review), 1931
15. Langmuir, Irving: "Relation Between 7-Day Periodicity in Silver
Iodide Seeding and 7-Day Periodicity in
Rainfall and Temperature," circa 1949
16. Langmuir, Irving: "Report on Cloud Control Experiments in Honduras," 1949
17. Langmuir, Irving: "Report on Evaluation of Past and Future Experiments
on Widespread Control of Weather," circa 1953
18. Langmuir, Irving: "Report on Smokes and Filters"-Supplement to
Section I by Irving Langmuir and Section II
By I. Langmuir and K.B Blodgett, 1944
19. Langmuir, Irving: "Repulsive Forces Between Charged Surfaces in
Water, and the Cause of the Jones-Ray
Effect" (Science), 1938
20. Langmuir, Irving: "The Role of Attractive and Repulsive Forces in
the Formation of Tactoids, Thixotropic Gels,
Protein Crystals and Coacervates" (Journal
Of Chemical Physics), 1938
21. Langmuir, Irving: "Science and Postwar Incentives," 1945
22. Langmuir, Irving: "Science, Common Sense and Decency" (Science), 1943
23. Langmuir, Irving: "Selecting the Chemist-Elect" (Journal of
Chemistry Education), 1930
24. Langmuir, Irving: Socorro, NM-Average Rainfall Distribution, 1950
25. Langmuir, Irving: "The Structure of the Insulin Molecule"
(with D.M. Wrinch, Journal of the
American Chemical Society), 1938
26. Langmuir, Irving: "A Study of Light Signals in Aviation and Navigation"
(with W.F. Westendorp, Physics), 1931
27. Langmuir, Irving: "Super-cooled Water Droplets in Rising Currents
of Cold Saturated Air Part I," 1944
28. Langmuir, Irving: "Super-cooled Water Droplets in Rising Currents
of Cold Saturated Air Parts I and II," 1943-1944
29. Langmuir, Irving: "Surface Chemistry" (Chemical Reviews), 1933
30. Langmuir, Irving: "Surface Chemistry" (Denki Gakkwai), 1934
31. Langmuir, Irving: "Surface Electrification Due to the Recession of
Aqueous Solutions from Hydrophobic
Surfaces" (Journal of the American
Chemical Society), 1938
32. Langmuir, Irving: "Two-Dimensional